Wednesday, 7 January 2015

The image as Ideology- Gendering the image

Lecture notes
  • Ideology- The shared set of values and believes that exist within a certain group.
  • Made to feel like these ideologies are natural aspects of daily life. 
  • Marx and 'Commodities'- a critique of capitalism- 'Das Kapital' in 1848 he discussed commodities in terms of use value and their exchange value. 
  • Things are expensive because you pay for more than the product you also pay for packaging, advertisement, marketing, branding ect.
  • Advertisements- sell the lifestyle they make you want to be like the people in the advert.
  • they create warm and mythical worlds. 
  • Disney created a town with the concept of a perfect life.  
We then looked at different decades and identified what happened within that time frame our group was given the 00's here are a few things that happened in that decade. 
  • 9/11
  • Millenium
  • Concorde crashed
  • Wikipedia launched
  • Apple launched i pad
  • Iraq invasion
  • My space created
  • Facebook launched
  • Asia built the tallest building
  • Mars exploration
  • Youtube launched
  • Suicide bombers in London
  • Saddam Husain dead 
  • Beijing Olympics 
  • 3D scanners 
  • Michael Jackson died 
  • First black president in USA
  • Recession 
  • Non smoking rule 
After looking at what happened we concluded that in this decade there was a lot of disasters politically and a lot of advance in technology especially in regards to the launches of successful websites on the internet. 

Tutor Notes

  • Identifying Gender
  • looking at two pictures, can you tell which was by a man and which a woman?

For my research I decided to look at gendering the image because I find it really interesting to think about my opinions on who made the piece of art that I am looking at, and my reasons for thinking which gender made it. I like it when the answer challenges my opinion because it makes me think more into the piece and opens my mind to thinking that everything is not always how it seems. Sometimes it can be hard to tell what a woman or man created  but with some thought and applying the things you know about the different genders and how they might see things or including specific skill sets that apply more to certain genders it sometimes becomes slightly easier to work it out. For example women are usually thought to be better at embroidery than a man so you might be more inclined to think that a woman created a certain piece when in reality a man could have. 

Gendering art work

I looked at the artist Benjamin Marra as i think his art style is representative of something that would be seen as typically male (figure 1.) There are a few different reasons for this, for example if you look at the women that he draws he often exaggerates the female form and sexualises the way that they are dressed. Another thing that hints towards the gender of this artist is the way that the world is represented through his drawings, it is quite dark and gritty, where as it could be said that a woman might be more likely to see the world a bit more optimistically. The themes that are represented are quite harsh and bold and this could be a stereotype that is often linked to males rather than females.

Benjamin Marra. Image taken from: http://www.benjaminmarra.com/ 


There are also female artists that can be seen as stereotypical towards their gender for instance Anna Emilia Laitinen  creates art that can be seen as very feminine through the light pastel tones that are used throughout her work. The themes that are represented are also very feminine for example of her images depicts a woman with pillows up her jumper, this is representing a woman's natural maternal instincts, In my opinion a man would not be likely to directly represent such a feminine theme within their art.


Gendering my own work
I would like to think that within my own work I am not too stereotypical towards my gender but I definitely think I am. My work represents a more happy, 'cute' way of looking at things. I mainly create small characters using very light feminine colours and do not use much harsh, dark colouring or shadows. I also like to include a lot of natural elements such as leaves, animals and nature these things are are often associated with femininity. Overall I think that people could easily guess the gender of who created this art from looking at my artwork, here are 2 images that In my opinion represent my feelings towards being able to gender my art. 




Monday, 5 January 2015

visual culture as national identity: Tokyo youth culture

Japan is known for its bright and bold youth culture. The youth of modern day japan dress in all different clothing styles that fall under different sub genres which usually relate to the wearers personal tastes eg. music and film preferences. The people who dress within these genres can identify each other and they will know that that person has similar interests to them. The different styles are influenced by different things such as manga, anime, rock bands, cartoon characters and many other things. Cartoons such as Anime and manga have a huge influence on Japanese youth culture and this is reflected in the fashion and overall appearance of the people that follow it. The people that follow this trend do many things to change their appearance to look more like their favourite characters and even go as far as using special eye tape and contact lenses to make their eyes look bigger. 

… the Japanese youth play a crucial role in forming a separate fashion community and producing the latest styles that express their subcultural affiliation and identity. Youth fashion in Japan—in Tokyo in particular—is geographically and stylistically defined. Subcultures are defined by where they congregate, the music they listen to, the celebrities they worship and idolize, the magazines they read, and, most importantly, the way they dress. [1]

'One of the most controversial strategics for upsetting notions of ethnic homogeneity is by changing the composition of the eyes. For example, the advancement in contact lens technology has enabled anyone to change eye color. Inexpensive, opaque, disposable contact lenses alter eye color completely and allow young people to approximate the unnatural orbs of their favorite manga characters.In addition to color, change may be made to the eye s shape. In the late 1970s I worked in Osaka and developed a strong network of female Japanese friends... In this way I came to learn about one of the beauty secrets of ordinary Japanese women: eyelid tapes and eyelid glues. These were temporary techniques to pull the eyelid up just a little, to give the impression of a deep crease. '[2]


 Harajuku seen in figure 1, is one of the main fashion districts in japan here you can find many shops and boutiques that sell clothing with very unique styles that wouldn't be found on a normal high street. The streets of this district are very bright and colourful. A lot of young people hang around Hrajuku in groups all wearing vary distinctive styles of clothing as seen in figure 2.
'The surrounding streets and alleys are a haven of youth culture and fashion, and a starkcontrast to the Issey Miyake, Yohji Yamamoto and Comme des Garcons styles on   display in the boutique windows of the main boulevard. Harajuku fashion has been described as 'oserterizer’ fashion. The streets are lined with crowded speciality boutiques devoted to anything from temporary tatoos to neo-goth accessories or recycled Elvis or rock 'n' roll fashion.’[3]
(Figure 1) Harajuku street, image taken from: http://es.youinjapan.net/tokyo/harajuku.php   

(Figure 2) Group of girls all wearing the same genre of clothing in Harajuku, photo taken from: http://forum.ladypopular.com/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=45230


Japanese youth culture is closely linked to the idea of consumerism as people will see thier idols wearing particular clothes and hairstyles and they will want to be like that so they will go and buy the latest trends. It could be seen as an extension of merchandising. There are also other fashion genres such as Decora (figure 3) this style involves covering yourself in different brightly coloured things and the more that you are displaying on your body the better. Its like a form of showing off everything that you have bought. 
'Recently, however, the spread of Japanese popular culture in East and Southeast Asia has advanced a stage further. The Japanese and other Asian media industries are systematically and collaboratively promoting a wider range of Japanese popular culture for the routine consumption of youth in various markets in East and Southeast Asia.'[4]
(Figure 3) Girl wearing the Decora style, Photo taken from:
 http://www.japanesestreets.com/reports/2828/20th-harajuku-fashion-walk
Overall I can conclude that there are many different styles and cultures represented through the fashion of the young people in Japan. All of these styles have different names and are inspired by distinctive things that set them apart from the other fashion sub cultures. This has resulted in japan been known for its very vibrant and extravagant youth culture.



[1] Kawamura.Y, Fashioning Japanese Subcultures, p. 4
[2] Mathews.G, White.B, Japan's Changing Generations: Are Young People Creating a New Society?, p. 85
[3] Buckly.S, The Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture, p.187
[4] Iwabuchi.K, Recentering Globalization: Popular Culture and Japanese Transnationalism, p.2

Monday, 1 December 2014

Illustration as Object: Secondary non-Narratives and Consumer Products

Lecture notes


  • Trends:
  •  Evergreen students: 18-26, first to adopt new technology usually carry technology everywhere with them.
  • Globalisation: the demand for higher education globally has increased and will continue to grow- you can study anywhere in the world through the use of technology.
  • Technical information literacy
  • branding: internet branding helps you show off your abilities and skills. Is it easier or harder to stand out on the internet?
  • Mobility: No one uses landlines anymore because of technology 97% of college students have mobiles
  • Safety and security: How safe is your information and internet profile? what if there is something you want to remove? It is crucial to be internet safe. 
  • Evolution of learning: Technology is helping teaching a lot, education is growing 1 to 1 online working is now possible.
  • Edutainment higher education and entertainment are becoming more intertwined.
  • Digital native= someone that has grown up with technology.
  • Digital imigrant= someone who goes from an analogue background and migrates into the digital age.
  • Both have implications- some people know how to use the technology and some don't so people who know how to use it shouldn't be criticised for how they are because they cant help it, its just the way we've evolved as humans. The old way isn't always the best way.
  • Sugato Mitra - brought 'self organised learning environments' to deprived communities and people learnt from it. 'Granny Cloud'- retired teachers that help you with work over the internet. 
  • 6-13 year olds can learn quickly without guidance. 3 months for 70 kids to be completely computer literate.
  • Ken Robinson - 'Education system is based on victorian methods of structure.'
  • pre school = freedom to explore and be stimulated and ask questions
  • school = regimented by age and ability.
Tutor lecture notes
  • Fredun Shapur was a children's toy creator. 
  • His work was very illustrative and modern but he classed himself as a graphic designer.
  • His work is coming back into fashion as the trend is coming back around.
  • With all of the technology available to us now no one has to label themselves to a specific thing because it is possible for us to do all sorts of things. 
  • product design- uses illustration and design together. 
  • Technology is helping design evolve.
  • looking at old designs it would be so much easier and quicker to create them now compared to back then. 
  • Boundaries are always being crossed between design and illustration.
  • Stig Lindberg- 50's 
  • Ikea - now
Research- How has technology changed illustration

Social background
Technology has developed and changed so quickly over the years that society has created digital natives (people that have grew up with technology) and digital immigrants (people that have migrated into a digital age from an analogue age.) Along with this has came fear of the unknown for the digital natives, because all of this is very new and alien to them. There are many advantages to learning this new technology as it can help make a lot of everyday things much easier. Although both sides have implications it is important to learn about technology to eradicate any fears and to help bridge generation gaps enabling people to coexist coherently.

'Becoming technologically literate means becoming informed and knowledgeable about technological products and processes. If we arc informed, we can select carefully and be safe users of the products and processes we need. If we learn more about technology, it will help us feel less threatened by how quickly things change and the bewildering range of new products we see.' [1]


Technology and design
Fredun Shapur (born in 1929) was a children's toy creator and graphic designer who's illustrative style came across strongly within his toys. His creations still look modern today so it could be said that they were ahead of the time. His designs were very innovative, unique and would still stand up well in todays market. If his toys were put up against the things sold in a modern shop such as ikea they look as though they would fit right in. 


Fredun Shapur's lively images of children and his elegant toy designs look strikingly fresh to our twenty-first century eyes. Although created nearly fifty years ago, they embody all the qualities we associate with an idyllic image of a modern childhood. [2] 

Back when Shapur created his children's toys there was not much technology around to help his designs become a reality. Back when Saphur was making toys, computers were not easily accessible so Shapur's toys would have been made designed and made by hand before being sent off to manufacturers. Looking at some of his stylish, impeccable designs such as the puzzle shown in figure 1, this would have been very time consuming. It is very different now as technology has advanced and there has been machines developed to do almost everything needed to aid creativity and the making of products, also a lot more people have easy access to it. This allows a lot more people to be able to create more imaginative creative things, it could be said that it is much easier to create the ideas that you have in your head,  into reality. 

'Digital technology has empowered the illustrator as 'creator', providing greater control and and ever more opportunities for expression.' [3]

(Figure 1), snake puzzle, Fredun Shapur 





The modern artist must adapt and try out new technologies to be able to keep up with and respond to the changing environment. Because of the technology available for everyone to use at their own disposal there is a lot of crossovers between design and illustration for example illustrators will create toys that are very well designed and have a very illustrative aesthetic, for example these collectable figures by a studio called yum yum (figure 2) and the children's illustration/toy studio Djeco (figure 3.) It is a lot easier to access the technology to create art and design things, this means that there is more people competing for the same jobs, artists are having to do more little jobs to be able to do it for a living rather than focusing on one aspect of art.  


'Culture today is becoming a mass affair, and the artist must step down from his pedestal and be prepared to make a sign for a butcher's shop (if he knows how to do it). The artist must cast off the last rags of romanticism and become active as a man among men, well up in present-day techniques, materials and working methods. Without losing his innate aesthetic sense he must be able to respond with humility and competence to the demands his neighbours may make of him.' [4]


(figure 2) Collectible figurines, Yum Yum 
(figure 3) Children's chicken toy, Djeco


Overall  from my research I have concluded that there is and always has been a massive crossover between design and illustration and technology has aided this. This, in some ways is a great thing as it allows you to open doors to more opportunities but, on the other hand, it has became harder to get noticed as there are a lot more people that are able to do the same thing as you. Technology is a great thing and we wouldn't be where we are today without it, you just have to be versatile, know your market, and be able to sell yourself well to be successful in today's market.   

[1] Ogata.A.F, Fredun Shapur playing with design, p.9
[2]  Howe. A, Davies.D,  Ritchie.R, Primary Design and technology for the future. p.140
[3] Wigan. M, Basics illustration 03: text and image. p. 42 
[4] Munari.B, Design as art,